Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that has impacted the lives of so many. Cases continue to rise year after year, which has forced researchers and specialists to study this degenerative brain disease and its causes. As with many health conditions, a common question that arises is whether Parkinson’s disease is hereditary or if environmental factors and aging contribute to its development.
Fox Trail Memory Care Living provides Parkinson’s care to residents and support for their families in north and central New Jersey, as well as to those in Manhattan, NY. Here, we dive into the topic of Parkinson’s disease and genetics for those concerned about their risk.
What Is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes nerve cells (neurons) in the brain to become damaged or die. These nerve cells produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays crucial roles in various bodily functions, including coordinating smooth and controlled muscle movements.
As neurons become affected and dopamine levels decline, you experience a variety of motor symptoms, such as:
- Tremors (shaking)
- Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
- Muscle rigidity (stiffness)
- Postural instability (difficulties balancing)
These symptoms often lead to other symptoms, including:
- Depression and anxiety
- Trouble sleeping
- Difficulty with speech and swallowing
- Cognitive changes
- Sensory issues
- Pain and fatigue
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease has yet to be discovered and much about the disease is not fully understood. Experts believe genetics and environmental factors likely contribute to the development of the disorder.
Genetics
Research shows genetic mutations can contribute to Parkinson’s disease, though this is only the case 10 to 15% of the time. This is due to mutations in specific genes that increase the risk of developing the disorder. However, most Parkinson’s disease cases are considered sporadic, meaning the disorder occurs without a clear familial relation.
Age
Age is seen as the most significant risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. The disorder is commonly diagnosed in people 60 and older. The risk of Parkinson’s continues to increase as you age. This is because the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain becomes more pronounced with age. Therefore, aging adults are more vulnerable to the disease.
Family History
If you have a relative living with Parkinson’s disease, you may be at risk of developing the disorder yourself. This suggests that inherited factors may contribute to the development of Parkinson’s, although this is not the case in most diagnoses. Furthermore, the risk remains low unless multiple family members have been affected.
Environmental Factors
Specialists believe exposure to toxins plays a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease. Pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals used in farming applications have been linked to a higher risk, along with heavy metals and industrial pollution.
Head Injury
Some evidence suggests traumatic brain injuries, particularly repeated head trauma, may increase the likelihood of Parkinson’s disease later in life. If you have a history of concussions, you may be at greater risk.
Gender
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common degenerative brain disorder in the United States, with most cases affecting males. This suggests men are more likely to develop the disorder than women. The reason for this is not yet fully understood, but researchers think hormonal differences or genetic factors play a part.
The Verdict
So, is Parkinson’s disease hereditary? It can be, but only in a small number of cases. In most cases, other factors contribute to the development of the disorder, having nothing to do with family history.
While the known risk factors can increase a person’s likelihood of being diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, it is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not guarantee you will develop the disease.
Parkinson’s Care in North and Central New Jersey
The impact of Parkinson’s disease goes beyond the person diagnosed. Fox Trail Memory Care Living aims to accommodate the needs of the entire family through comprehensive and compassionate Parkinson’s care. Our services provide top-of-the-line care for your loved one and additional support for the rest of your family.
Our all-inclusive approach to memory care provides residents with the specialized care they require. We offer a host of luxurious amenities and care programs, including our HOPE Program, which addresses other medical needs.
To learn more about Parkinson’s disease and the memory care offered at Fox Trail Memory Care Living, contact us today to speak with a team member or schedule a tour of our communities in north and central New Jersey.